PERWARISAN MATA WANG KRIPTO: CABARAN DAN PENYELESAIAN DALAM PENTADBIRAN UNDANG-UNDANG HARTA ISLAM DI MALAYSIA

The inheritance of cryptocurrency is an increasingly relevant issue within the administration of Islamic estate law in Malaysia, particularly in light of the rapid development of blockchain technology and digital currencies. This is compounded by the fact that state muftis have issued differing fatwas, resulting in a lack of harmonised legal frameworks and guidelines regarding the use of cryptocurrency among Malaysians. This study aims to analyse the key challenges faced by the Islamic estate administration system in managing the inheritance of cryptocurrency and to propose practical solutions. Among the main challenges identified are the absence of clear legal guidelines, uncertainty surrounding the Islamic legal status of cryptocurrencies, and technical issues related to the verification and transfer of these digital assets. This study also discusses how cryptocurrencies differ from traditional assets such as cash and real estate, as well as the implications for inheritance and asset distribution under Islamic law. The paper offers several recommendations, including the introduction of more detailed fatwas and regulatory frameworks on cryptocurrency, the establishment of digital waqf instruments to facilitate the inheritance process, and the need for formal recognition from both religious and legal perspectives. It is hoped that the findings of this study will provide guidance to authorities, legal practitioners, and the Muslim community in managing digital assets in a more systematic and Shariah-compliant manner.

Perwarisan mata wang kripto merupakan isu yang semakin relevan dalam konteks pentadbiran harta Islam di Malaysia, terutama dalam menghadapi perkembangan pesat teknologi blockchain dan mata wang digital. Hal ini kerana kebanyakan mufti bagi negeri-negeri mengeluarkan fatwa yang berbeza dan tiada keselerasan undang-undang dan garis panduan berkaitan penggunaan mata wang kripto bagi rakyat Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cabaran-cabaran utama yang dihadapi oleh sistem undang-undang harta Islam dalam pengurusan perwarisan mata wang kripto dan mencadangkan penyelesaian yang praktikal. Antara cabaran utama yang dikenal pasti adalah kekurangan garis panduan undang-undang yang jelas, ketidakpastian status mata wang kripto dari perspektif hukum Islam, serta masalah teknikal berkaitan pengesahan dan pemindahan aset digital ini. Kajian ini juga membincangkan bagaimana mata wang kripto berbeza daripada aset komoditi seperti wang tunai dan hartanah, serta implikasi terhadap perwarisan dan pengagihan harta menurut hukum Islam. Penulisan ini mengemukakan beberapa cadangan termasuk pengenalan fatwa dan peraturan yang lebih terperinci mengenai mata wang kripto, penubuhan instrumen wakaf digital yang memudahkan proses perwarisan mata wang kripto, dan pentingnya pengiktirafan dari perspektif agama dan perundangan. Dengan harapan, hasil kajian ini dapat memberi panduan kepada pihak berkuasa, pengamal undang-undang, dan masyarakat Islam dalam menguruskan harta digital secara lebih sistematik dan sah mengikut prinsip Islam.