PENENTUAN KADAR MUT'AH MENURUT SEKSYEN 56 AKTA UNDANG-UNDANG KELUARGA ISLAM (WILAYAH-WILAYAH PERSEKUTUAN) 1984: KAJIAN TERHADAP AMALAN DAN PENTAFSIRAN DI MAHKAMAH SYARIAH

This study examines the inconsistency in determining the amount of mut’ah under Section 56 of Act 303 with three main objectives: to examine the concept of mut’ah according to Islam and the law, to analyse the factors considered by the court, and to propose a reference guideline. The study adopts a doctrinal research design with a qualitative approach through case analysis from the year 2000 to the present and semi-structured interviews with two officers of the Federal Territories Syariah Court, namely the Registrar who is also a former judge and the Head of the Sulh Section. Thematic analysis found that the absence of a specific practice directive has led to variations in decisions; thus, informants supported the need for a persuasive guideline. The factors determining the amount of mut’ah are divided into two categories: explicit factors such as the husband’s financial capacity, the wife’s condition, maintenance records, and prior gifts; and implicit factors such as the wife’s contributions, psychosocial impact, and substantive justice. The common implementation is in the form of instalments with a fixed end date, and arrears are considered debts that can be enforced. The study proposes a new practice direction that maintains Section 56 while aligning with the principles of Islamic law and the realities of the Federal Territories Syariah Court. It also complies with research ethics through informed consent, confidentiality of interview transcripts, and a declaration of no conflict of interest or funding.

Kajian ini meneliti ketidakseragaman dalam penentuan kadar mut’ah di bawah Seksyen 56 Akta 303 dengan tiga objektif utama iaitu mengkaji konsep mut’ah menurut Islam dan undang-undang, menganalisis faktor pertimbangan mahkamah serta mencadangkan garis panduan rujukan. Kajian menggunakan reka bentuk doktrinal berpendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kes dari tahun 2000 hingga kini dan temu bual separa berstruktur bersama dua pegawai Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan iaitu Pendaftar yang juga mantan hakim dan Ketua Seksyen Sulh. Hasil analisis tematik mendapati tiada arahan amalan khusus yang menyebabkan wujudnya variasi keputusan, justeru informan menyokong keperluan garis panduan persuasif. Faktor penentuan kadar mut’ah merangkumi dua kategori iaitu faktor tersurat seperti kemampuan suami, keadaan isteri, rekod nafkah dan pemberian terdahulu serta faktor tersirat seperti sumbangan isteri, kesan psikososial dan keadilan substantif. Pelaksanaan lazim berbentuk ansuran dengan tarikh tamat dan tunggakan dikira sebagai hutang yang boleh dikuatkuasakan. Kajian mencadangkan arahan amalan baharu yang mengekalkan Seksyen 56 berasaskan prinsip Hukum Syarak dan realiti Mahkamah Syariah Wilayah Persekutuan serta mematuhi etika penyelidikan melalui persetujuan dimaklumkan, penyimpanan transkrip secara sulit dan pengesahan tiada konflik kepentingan atau pembiayaan.