ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AS A FATWA ASSISTANCE TOOL


Date Published : 11 December 2025

Contributors

Tengku Balqis Tengku Shahrolnizam

Author

Muhammad Adib Samsudin

Author

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Maqasid Shariah Fatwa Institutions Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Fatwa Ijtihad Maqasid Syariah Institusi Fatwa

Proceeding

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Article

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Copyright (c) 2025 Tengku Balqis Tengku Shahrolnizam; Muhammad Adib Samsudin;

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Abstract

 

This Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilised across various fields, including the domain of fatwa issuance. Its ability to collect, organise, and analyse information positions it as a relevant supportive tool. However, its use remains debated due to concerns related to epistemology, scholarly authority, and ethics. Algorithm-based AI lacks the capability to grasp maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, public interest (maṣlaḥah), and social context—elements essential to the process of ijtihad. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the potential of AI as a supportive tool in ijtihad and to identify guidelines for its use that align with Sharīʿah principles and ethical standards. This research employs content analysis of journal articles, books, expert interviews, and official guidelines. The data are analysed descriptively to identify the advantages and challenges of AI within the context of fatwa deliberation. The findings indicate that AI holds significant potential as a research assistant that aids in information gathering and the organisation of fatwa-related materials. AI, however, does not possess the qualifications required for ijtihad and therefore cannot replace a mufti. Its role is limited to functioning as a fatwa assistance tool that supports the processes of collecting, structuring, and analysing information. Consequently, AI must be utilised within a regulated framework established by religious authorities to ensure that its benefits align with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah without compromising the authority of Islamic scholars.

Kecerdasan buatan (Artificial Intelligence, AI) semakin digunakan dalam pelbagai bidang termasuk bidang fatwa. Keupayaannya mengumpul, menyusun, dan menganalisis maklumat menjadikannya relevan sebagai alat sokongan. Namun, penggunaannya masih diperdebatkan kerana isu epistemologi, autoriti ulama, dan etika. AI yang berasaskan algoritma tidak mampu memahami maqasid syariah, maslahat, dan konteks sosial yang diperlukan dalam proses ijtihad. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini ialah menganalisis potensi AI sebagai alat sokongan ijtihad serta mengenal pasti garis panduan penggunaannya yang selari dengan prinsip syariah dan etika. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis kandungan terhadap artikel jurnal, buku, temu bual pakar, dan garis panduan rasmi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengenal pasti kelebihan dan cabaran AI dalam konteks fatwa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan AI berpotensi besar sebagai research assistant yang menyokong pengumpulan maklumat dan penyusunan fatwa. AI tidak memiliki kelayakan ijtihad maka dengan itu ia tidak boleh berfungsi sebagai pengganti mufti. Sebaliknya, kedudukannya hanya sebagai alat bantuan fatwa yang menyokong proses pengumpulan, penyusunan, dan analisis maklumat. Justeru, AI perlu digunakan dalam kerangka kawalan institusi agama agar manfaatnya selaras dengan maqasid syariah tanpa menjejaskan autoriti ulama.

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Tengku Balqis, T. B., & Muhammad Adib, M. A. (2025). ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) AS A FATWA ASSISTANCE TOOL. International Conference on Syariah, Law and Science (CFORSJ I-CONF) - CFORSJ Procedia, 3(1), 218-228. https://alnadwah.usim.edu.my/cforsjprocedia/paper/view/134