الضوابط القانونية للتفتيش الجمركي للنساء: دراسة تطبيقية في ضوء المشروعية الإجرائية


Date Published : 15 December 2025

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Ahmed Abdulla Almesmari

Author

Wan Abdul Fattah Wan Ismail

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Keywords

Economic Empowerment Rural Women Sustainable Development Microfinance Community Participation يداصتقلاا ينكمتلا ةيفيرلا ةأرلما ةمادتسلما ةيمنتلا رغصلأا ليومتلا ةيعمتلمجا ةكراشلما

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Copyright (c) 2025 Prof. Dr. Abdul Fattah Wan; Ahmed Abdulla Almesmari;

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Abstract

Recent decades have witnessed significant developments in international trade and the movement of people, contributing to the increased importance of customs procedures, particularly the personal inspection of women at border crossings. Customs inspection is no longer merely a routine procedure; it is now linked to procedural legitimacy and the protection of fundamental rights, with a focus on women's privacy and dignity. National and international legislation has emphasized the need to respect legal controls during inspections, including the presence of qualified female personnel, adherence to the principles of proportionality and necessity, and compliance with international human rights standards. Some Arab countries face practical challenges, including a shortage of female personnel, poor training, and a lack of institutional oversight, which sometimes leads to irregularities or procedural delays. International experiences, such as those of Canada and the Netherlands, have demonstrated greater effectiveness due to strong institutional frameworks, ongoing training programs, and periodic judicial oversight. Previous studies have highlighted the need for integrated legislation, training, and oversight to ensure the protection of women during inspections and to achieve a balance between security and the protection of rights. The current study aims to analyze the legal and procedural controls for women's inspections, using a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach, and an applied case study at a customs port. It seeks to identify challenges, compare national and international experiences, and provide recommendations for strengthening procedures, such as providing qualified female cadres, developing training and awareness programs, and aligning legislation with international standards. The findings demonstrate that a combination of strict legal texts, practical training, and continuous monitoring constitutes the basis for ensuring procedural legitimacy and protecting women's dignity during customs inspections.

 

ملخص

 شهدت العقود الأخيرة تطورًا ملحوظًا في التجارة الدولية وحركة الأشخاص، ما أسهم في زيادة أهمية الإجراءات الجمركية، وخصوصًا التفتيش الشخصي للنساء عند المنافذ الحدودية. لم يعد التفتيش الجمركي مجرد إجراء روتيني، بل أصبح مرتبطًا بالمشروعية الإجرائية وحماية الحقوق الأساسية، مع التركيز على خصوصية المرأة وضمان كرامتها. وأكدت التشريعات الوطنية والدولية على ضرورة احترام الضوابط القانونية عند التفتيش، بما يشمل وجود كادر نسائي مؤهل، الالتزام بمبدأ التناسب والضرورة، والتوافق مع المعايير الدولية لحقوق الإنسان.

تعاني بعض الدول العربية من تحديات عملية تشمل نقص الكوادر النسائية، ضعف التدريب، وغياب الرقابة المؤسسية، ما يؤدي أحيانًا إلى تجاوزات أو تأخير الإجراءات، بينما أظهرت التجارب الدولية، مثل كندا وهولندا، فاعلية أكبر نتيجة وجود أطر مؤسسية قوية، برامج تدريبية مستمرة، وإشراف قضائي دوري. وقد أبرزت الدراسات السابقة الحاجة إلى تكامل التشريعات، التدريب، والرقابة لضمان حماية النساء أثناء التفتيش، وتحقيق التوازن بين الأمن وحماية الحقوق.

تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى تحليل الضوابط القانونية والإجرائية لتفتيش النساء، من خلال منهج وصفي تحليلي ومقارن، ودراسة حالة تطبيقية في أحد المنافذ الجمركية. وتسعى إلى تحديد التحديات، مقارنة التجارب الوطنية والدولية، وتقديم توصيات لتعزيز الإجراءات، مثل توفير كوادر نسائية مؤهلة، تطوير برامج التدريب والتوعية، ومواءمة التشريعات مع المعايير الدولية. وتعكس النتائج أن الجمع بين النصوص القانونية الصارمة، التدريب العملي، والمراقبة المستمرة يشكل أساسًا لضمان المشروعية الإجرائية وحماية كرامة النساء أثناء التفتيش الجمركي.

 

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Ahmed Abdulla , A. A. ., & Wan Abdul Fattah, W. A. F. (2025). الضوابط القانونية للتفتيش الجمركي للنساء: دراسة تطبيقية في ضوء المشروعية الإجرائية. International Conference on Syariah, Law and Science (CFORSJ I-CONF) - CFORSJ Procedia, 3(1), 315-332. https://alnadwah.usim.edu.my/cforsjprocedia/paper/view/121